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Wednesday, 23 April 2014

Summary Post

Welcome to my G321 Foundation  Portfolio Blog.

Here is a post to highlight the key areas of my blog.

My finished construction of my Thriller Film Opening Sequence can be found here on YouTube or here on my blog. All other posts labelled "construction" can be found here.

Here are the links to each of my evaluation questions: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7

All posts labelled "planning" can be found here.

All posts labelled "research" can be found here. "Audience Research" posts can be found here.

All other posts will have a corresponding label on the right hand side of my blog for easy navigation.

I hope you enjoy looking through my blog.

Joe Weston.

Monday, 7 April 2014

Film in the Digital Age - Questions and Extra Notes

1) What is the advantage of using moving image story boards? 
Moving Image Story Boards were first pioneered in 1992 by Francis Ford Coppolla during the production of Bram Stoker's Dracula, and involve the directors and cinematographers utilising an 'electronic stimulation' of the story or scene that is to be created on a certain day, instead of using hand drawn, inanimate storyboards to 'pitch' a film or organise the crew. This creates many advantages - firstly, time is saved as less time will be spent constructing detailed sketches and drawings to detail the scene, and the moving image story boards provide a more accurate visualisation of what is to be shot so the crew can more easily replicate the storyboard.

2) What is the advantage of using DV Video Cameras?
The use of Digital Video (DV) Cameras to film documentaries and full length films is increasing, due to the many advantages this new technology has over celluloid film. Firstly, DV Cameras are more mobile, are lighter and much more practical and easy to use overall. The cost of shooting scenes and editing is also reduced as they do not need the expensive film stock, nor does their video require processing in the same manner. Complex scenes can be organised more easily also, as complicated lighting systems that are needed when shooting on celluloid are not needed.

3) What are the two types of CGI? What are the advantages and disadvantages of CGI?
CGI, or Computer Generated Imagery, is also seeing increased use in the film making processes. There are two types of CGI; Invisible Special Effects, which according to Buckland (1999) contributes to up to 90% of all of the work of the special effects industry, are not meant to be noticed, hence the name, by film spectators, and then Visible Special Effects, which produces "out-of-this-world" images to captivate audiences in a way that would not be possible otherwise. The advantages of CGI is that more elaborate and complex creations can be made that are both aesthetic and life like with the development of technology - however, CGI has also become more widely available to the public, with digital effect software reaching domestic audiences, and is sold by electrical retailers to enhance home videos and GCSE / A Level Productions.

Tuesday, 1 April 2014

Different Lighting Techniques






In this extract, different lighting techniques are used to make certain aspects more apparent to the audience.
At around 0:20, hard lighting is used during the conversation between the men. This hard lighting allows for the viewer to clearly see the definition in his face and the details of his scars quite clearly, and allows for the other men's facial expressions to be clearly identified. The key light is placed on the corresponding side of the man's face, which subsequently casts a shadow onto the van, which aids adding detail to the injuries the man has suffered.


Natural lighting is used to create a dull and gloomy atmosphere for this scene to perhaps reflect the mood at 0:25, when the character is viewed from a different perspective, and less detail is given to the scars on the left side of his face, which is partly obscured. The fill light is placed to the back right of the man, as there are little shadows cast here yet we can see the detail in the man's hair. By contrast, the details of his face are not in full light and not as prominent, showing the character as more "normal".

Lighting is also used effectively at the end of the extract where the man is in the Army office. Hard lighting is used to give detail to specific parts of his face through the blinds, creating a clear shadowing effect on his face, connoting various things to the audience such as a split personality, and threat and fear. If soft lighting were used instead here, the room would be more brightly lit and would come across as less sinister. The desk lamp acts as a fill light, and the light at the back of the room acts as a backlight, creating various shadows across the room, shown in the still. This is used to distinguish the man is the main character in the scene and by distorting the view of the character through the blinds and creating shadows, representations can be created and portrayed.


Monday, 31 March 2014

How does Piracy affect Working Title and how have they tried to stop it?

Piracy is a crime that effects the production, distribution and exhibition of the film industry in the UK. With Hollywood investigators claim that Piracy has increased by 10% each year from the amount of revenue lost to illegal distribution. This is largely due to technological advances in internet speeds and broadbands, allowing for the faster distribution of files online, and increased confidence in computers and torrents en masse, and the fact that the quality of these torrents is improving so that the "consumer" obtains a better quality of the film. Approximately 77.75 Million counterfeit DVDs were sold in 2009, resulting in an effective monetary gain to criminals of £278 Million. This results in a huge loss to the Industry as a whole, £700 Million overall. This means smaller studios have less money to invest in future projects and produce further films, restricting creativity and overall reducing the choice of films that will be available to the consumer.

Companies such as Working Title have endeavoured to prevent piracy from effecting their profits. Working Title have also used the advancements in technology to produce higher definition films, creating a distinction between the legal and illegal copies, through blu-ray discs. Similarly, 3D films are produced, which aren't as readily available for the public to obtain, and create a unique viewing experience that isn't available through torrents, and blu-ray discs are encrypted with passcodes so they cannot be copied. Furthermore, Working Title distributed Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy, in an encrypted safe, with a passcode to each individual safe, to combat piracy. They also create educational DVDs that inform people on the effects of Piracy to the filmmakers and the industry in an attempt to persuade and convince people, particularly the younger audiences who view Piracy as acceptable, to stop pirating films. Working Title also make their products available instantly online for rental, in a better quality than the alternative torrent download. It could be argued that piracy did allow for technological developments in film, as unique viewing experiences such as IMAX and 3D would not have been developed as much to combat piracy, benefitting the consumer. However, unless piracy is combatted more widely, it could lead to the decline of the film industry in the UK.

Sunday, 30 March 2014

Convergence in a Film Company

An example of a company that has utilised Media and Technological Convergence would be Walt Disney.

Media Convergence: When multiple products come together to form one product with the advantages of all of them.
Digital Convergence: The growing interactive use digital technology in the film industry and media which enables people to share, consume and produce media that was difficult or impossible to do a few years previously.

There are many products produced by Disney that are associated with their films, with most of these being aimed at a young audience, such as plush toys and costumes, and a few products aimed at adults such as ornaments. There are many Disney stores worldwide that sell these products and Disney has spread out to many other medias, such as songs being sold on iTunes from their films, most recently Frozen, as well as a variety of other platforms advertised on their website, such as games, interactive activities, TV programmes and an online store. The financial benefit of this to the company is that it creates extra advertising and marketing for the various products - social networking accounts for respective films to generate interest, and then various products to sell alongside the film means extra profit can be generated.

Thursday, 20 March 2014

Convergence in Websites

The Hobbit 

The website for “The Hobbit” uses convergence to increase audience awareness about the film. On the “Features” tab of the website, there are a variety of activities including “A Journey Through Middle Earth” and “Play Barrel Escape”. These verbs allows for audience participation and engagement with the film to sustain interest in the film- the audience that would be attracted to this, a young audience or young adolescents, could play the games and discuss them with friends and then go to see the film. Other forms of convergence have been used: Lego: The Hobbit is to be released on console platforms that will appeal to the target audience. 

The Lego Movie

There is a variety of different integrated games to appeal to the younger audience of the film. There is a feature on the website to create your own Lego character and various other interactive games that are easy to play, and hence will be played by young children and will spread as their friends play it. A PlayStation game for the Lego Movie has also been released, which although gives away the storyline, will help to attract a wider audience and get more people to watch the film.

How does Editing represent Disability in "The Street"?


In the extract from "The Street", editing is used to create a negative representation of disability.
At the start of the scene, the use of shot reverse shot during the exchange between the disabled character and his former co-workers allows for focus on the expressions of the other men when they look at the man's face and answer his questions. The other men seem surprised and shocked that the man will get his job back, and the disabled man is hence represented as inadequate. A focus pull is used at the end of this section to show the man through a barbed wire fence, signifying the physical barriers he must overcome amongst other members of society. In the section where he approaches the woman who has dropped her shopping, a long shot is used to show the man's change in pace as he goes to her aid, contrasting stereotypical negative representations of disability. However the woman's reaction is shown negatively, by using eyeline match alongside an over the shoulder shot. Shot reverse shot is used when they are walking away when he tells her to "stop digging", and a sound bridge builds to represent his anger at the views society has towards his disability when he is trying to assist the public. The editing pace increases for the street segment alongside the diegetic soundtrack to enhance the notion of him being alone in society, and ellipsis between each of the 4 sections creates a representation of the man being an exile and outcast in each one of the four sections, matching the stereotyped representation of disabled persons being a burden and a victim. In the final section, the 180 degree rule of continuity is broken, so the man is shown to be looking in two different directions during the conversation - this is used as a technique for representation as it shows the "two sides" to the man's appearance and character - one side of his face is disfigured, and covered by the shadows in the scene, which connotes a representation of having a split personality. This exchange also shows an angry side to his character, as opposed to the positive side shown in the section with the woman. Eyeline match is also used here to show the reactions of the Sergeant towards the man, and hence the main negative representation in the scene is the views of society towards disabled people.

Monday, 24 February 2014

Why is British TV Drama popular?

British TV Drama continues to attract large viewing audiences- many of which watch programmes as a one-off at peak-time broadcasts: this provides evidence that we are not consuming all of our media, and that we are instead turning to YouTube or other online services for all of our media.
British Dramas such as Coronation Street and Lewis attracted audiences in excess of 12 Million viewers, with programmes such as Call the Midwife attrracting 8.71 Million viewers. Call the Midwife is a BBC period drama set in East London that has been shown from 2012 to the present. A medical drama in a series of episodes, the programme is one of the most popular nationwide.
I think TV Drama is popular for a number of reasons- firstly, people may be able to relate to certain incidents recreated in the programmes, although they are often over-dramaticsed, or just find them exciting or entertaining. The programmes may form some kind of distraction from other activities and become part of a daily routine for many people nationwide.

Wednesday, 5 February 2014

Thriller Opening Sequence - Final Cut - "The Case of Charlotte Adams"


This is the Final Cut of our groups' Thriller's opening sequence, "The Case of Charlotte Adams". For the changes we made to the sequence and why, see here.


Changes from the Rough Cut to the Final Cut

After the rough screening of our Thriller Opening Sequence we constructed a questionnaire for audience feedback, which entailed:

  • Gender and Age
  • Opinions on Thrillers?
  • How do you view Thrillers?
  • Was the Soundtrack effective? If not, why?
  • Did the opening sequence appeal to you and make you want to watch the movie further?
  • Were the titles used effectively?
  • Could you spot any continuity errors, if so where?
  • Any improvements?
We gave the questionnaire to each member of each group in the class and gained valuable feedback in each area. The class all fall under our Target audience which the first question highlights, and so hopefully, for the Evaluation's sake, we would have wholly positive feedback with a few minor improvements, which we received. The majority of the class gave feedback with no improvements to make other than fine-tuning certain aspects, such as the Soundtrack, and making the last scene flow more. We found the audience were intrigued by the opening and would watch it more, but a few said that having the title at the end makes it seem like a trailer, and we should instead place it over an image.

With this feedback, we proceeded to change a few aspects of our thriller to the final cut. First, we moved the title text and transition at the end ("The Case of Charlotte Adams") so it appeared over the last shot of the Detective looking around the room with the notes on it. This also helped to create a link between what was in the room and the title, i.e. the Case, so the editing allowed for the meaning to be slightly more apparent to the audience. We then edited the final scene of the forest/chase segment, where the Detective is spinning. Our feedback and personal judgement resulted in us concluding the shot was too blurry and went on for too long to be effective, so instead we replicated the shot where he spins at first, with the two shades standing in a semi circle in front of him, and reversed it, so he spins one way and then spins back. Ellie added a transition here that resulted in the Shades being strecthed and distorted, to make them appear like entities. This could be considered similar to in our inspiration films, Shutter Island and Seven, where characters are envisioned and their appearances are distorted (i.e. the children in Shutter Island at the Concentration Camp), and also similar to the Dementors from Harry Potter that I mentioned in the character profile. Not only did this cut the overall time of the sequence by several seconds, it made it flow more and become more conventional.

My attention then turned to the Soundtrack. Beth and Ellie went into the Soundproof room to record a gasping sound effect for when the Detective wakes up (with the help of a member of another group, as it had to be a male) whilst I fine-tuned the Soundtrack around the action. This invovled getting the timings of the loud crashes to exactly match the Shades appearances in both the Street section (First Encounter) and then in the field (Final Encounter). I also made the section where the faster pace kicks in, after the Ribbon is picked up, much quieter. Not only does this emphasise the difference when the Shade appears, it builds suspense as the kicks in the pattern are subtle enough to be almost like a heartbeat, and adds to the dramatic effect of the sequence. I changed the tempo of various sections to ensure that timings were correct and also adjusted volume levels of small layers of the soundtrack, such as the piano note when the Ribbon is picked up. We then added the gasp effect in Final Cut, as after several attemps in Audacity, even though it was at the correct timing, the exported version had the gasp in an entirely different location. In Final Cut, we then reduced the volume to make it more realistic and sound as if the character is more startled rather than completely exaggerated and fake.

This was all we had to correct to reach a completed version that we were happy with, and as a group are very happy with the outcome.

Approaching the Evaluation - Methods of Presentation

In today's lesson we started looking at the Evaluation process and how to approach each of the Evaluation questions. There are seven questions to be answered in total, and I intend to answer each of them through a different media. The questions are:

- In what ways does your media product use, develop or challenge forms and conventions of real media products?
At first I considered doing a podcast or commentary to do this question, but I feel a form of media such as Padlet would be effective to build a "Wall" on all the different aspects this question involves, such as the impact of research, and how different parts of my thriller adhere to different conventions, i.e. location, costumes, narrative and so on.

- How does your media product represent particular social groups?
For this question I feel a visual method such as Prezi would be suitable, as here I could separate individual groups, Young Adults and Young Girls in the instance of my thriller and discuss stereotypes used, costumes, and why I chose that with reference to other thriller films. Alternatively I could use SlideShare to produce a presentation on this.

- What kind of media institutions might distribute my media product and why?
This question is relatively short compared to the others with a lack of extensive material to discuss - who distributes thrillers, who I would like to distribute thrillers, where it could be distributed, and why - for this reason I thought a suitable medium would be Gliffy or similar software to create a flowchart to show how decisions influence another and so on to explain my choices.

- Who is my Audience for my Thriller?
For this question I need to focus on who my audience is with reference to my previously conducted Audience Research during the planning phase - the age range, their interests, why it relates to thrillers, and so on. I could discuss this question in a directors commentary or use another simple method of presentation to create a poster on who my audience is. I feel this would be more suitable as there would be more to discuss in the next question, how I attracted my audience.

- How did I attract my audience?
In this question I would discuss with reference to my thriller and research examples of things I included from my research in my thriller. I feel the best method to present this would be an edited video or commentary, where I can make a point and then back it up with screenshots from existing thrillers and my own thriller. 

- What have I learnt about technologies from the process of Constructing the Thriller?
This question will entail me focusing on different softwares and equipment that I have used in the production of the thriller - I can discuss Final Cut, Audacity, the equipment itself in the filming process and so on, and how I learned to use these technologies.  One way of presenting this answer could be through a podcast or voiceover, of myself discussing the advances I have made and the influence of technology on producing media products, yet I could use screenshots or other images to show myself working on the software itself, such as in Audacity and Final Cut. Alternatively therefore I could use a presentation software such as AuthorStream or EverNote.

- Looking back at the Pre-liminary task, what progression have I made to end up producing my Thriller?
In this question I will answer how I avoided making similar mistakes to in my pre-liminary task, with anything including continuity, soundtrack, characters and so on, as well as editing and the improvements made to my knowledge of the techniques. As with the previous question I could do a podcast or commentary to highlight my use of better planning, storyboarding, decision making, creativity, and production, or use software such as Word It Out / Wordle to produce a concept map highlight each area of progression.

Wednesday, 22 January 2014

Thriller Opening Sequence - Rough Cut - The Case of Charlotte Adams


This is the Rough Cut of the opening sequence to our Thriller, "The Case of Charlotte Adams"

Thriller Construction - Lesson 6 - Completing the Rough Cut

In today's lesson, we needed to complete the titling, editing and soundtrack that had commenced in the previous lesson so that we could have a rough cut finished for the deadline and could screen the rough cut tomorrow in lesson.

Screenshot of exporting the finished Soundtrack on Audacity
The whole group was present and we really pulled together to finish the last of the titles and fine tune the editing, despite a power cut halfway through the lesson. I continued my work on the Soundtrack on Audacity (which fortunately had saved a auto-recovery back-up of the project after the power cut), be matching the soundtrack to the action. I also implemented editing techniques such as changing the pitches of the two sections of the soundtrack; the first part, the piano segment, is now in a lower key to enhance the dark, mysterious atmosphere we intended to create, matching conventions, and the second section is in a slightly higher key to heighten the suspense created by the faster pace of the sequence. I also added samples of Japanese "Taiko Drummers" at the start of the clip to create anticipation in the audience, and prolonged the areas of silence where the ribbon is picked up and where the Detective exits the forest to create tension. I then exported the Soundtrack, and we placed it into Final Cut where it would play alongside our sequence. Below is a screenshot of the final timeline of the soundtrack, you can see the multiple tracks and samples that were used in the project (the longer pieces were actually mixed into one layer as originally they were several layers!)
A screenshot of the full timeline of the Rough Cut Soundtrack on Audacity
 We also highlighted which titles were important or essential to have in our opening sequence in note form and jotted down key timings to work together to produce the rough edit. At the end of the lesson we exported the project in Final Cut and uploaded the video to YouTube - it can be seen here or on a separate post on my blog; "Thriller Opening Sequence - Rough Cut - The Case of Charlotte Adams". Next lesson the rough cut will be screened in front of the class and they will fill out audience feedback questionnaires that we also created this lesson, in order for us to make any necessary improvements to our thriller.



Monday, 20 January 2014

Thriller Construction - Lesson 5 - Titling and Soundtrack

In today's lesson the focus was to begin the titling process and have a rough soundtrack produced. Bethany was absent, so Ellie and Beth focused on finalising the titles that we had short-listed in the last lesson and selecting the timings and adding the Production Company still that Ellie and I created. LiveType was not functioning properly so they used Final Cut to produce some titles and effects using the fonts myself and Ellie selected when the rest of the group was absent. They did a fantastic job and completed about half of the titles, along with the ending scene where the title is displayed - Ellie produced a very good "typewriter" type effect here that is very effective.

Meanwhile, I was on my own producing a Soundtrack. I had downloaded the editing software Audacity that I referenced in my Soundtrack post and placed all the samples I was going to use into the software, and began fine-tuning and editing each track, by adjusting tempo and abbreviating certain areas, as well as isolating particular notes and segments, such as the piano used in the start - the actual score I was working with was from British rock band Bring Me The Horizon's track "And The Snakes Start To Sing" - I isolated an instrumental by removing the vocal frequency, and then used a loop to get a solemn, piano piece. After discussing with the group, we decided to not use a few other samples I had created, and so extended the loops. Next lesson I need to fine-tune this area by adding a synth effect, that I could find online or use production software to create - the desired effect is a synth that builds in a lurch then cuts, to go at the end of each bar. This will also mean that the backing track will have more layers making it more original. I created a piano effect to go at the end of this sequence using Garage Band, to fade the clip out as the Detective picks up the ribbon in the sequence.
Here is a screen shot of the timeline of the Soundtrack on Audacity, after about half an hour of producing. You can see
the different tracks clearly, along with where I've added Fade in and out effects to the different tracks. Since this image, the second track has been removed and the tracks have been re-ordered, but this shot shows how I have been producing the Soundtrack so far.
I then used my edited abbreviated version of "Pyres of Varanasi", an instrumental track also mentioned in my Soundtrack post, to heighten the pace. I listed timings from the edit to base the soundtrack around, so that it was synchronized with the action, i.e. a large crashing noise is heard as the Shade is first seen. In the next lesson, I need to add the Camera sound effects and loud, low-frequency boom on each flashback/Shade sighting, and fine-tune the end section of the Soundtrack also. Although frustrating to time correctly, the lesson was productive and we made good progress as a whole despite the absence of a group member and can hopefully make more progress next lesson towards completing the rough edit.

Tuesday, 14 January 2014

Thriller Construction - Lesson 4 - Editing

During our fourth lesson of filming we proceeded to continue editing the very rough version of our sequence that we had created in the previous lesson. We had placed the clips in the desired order on Final Cut and now needed to add appropriate transitions and alter the brightness and contrast in certain aspects, such as the Flashback sections.

Editing the opening section in the Street
 I edited the opening section up to the first flashback- most of this section was straight cuts from one shot to the other. I proposed having a fade effect on the very first transition from the ambient establishing shot to the long shot of the street but the rest of the group preferred the cut as the transition. This is something we can look at in the rough screening.

Once I had edited up to the first flashback, we added "Brightness and Contrast" Filters to each of the three sections of the flashback (Flashback #1 "Asylum"). We decided on having all of the flashbacks at the same brightness (34) and contrast (10) to give them an eerie, supernatural look, to enhance the "dream-state" of the flashbacks. Bethany then added a "Fade To Colour" transition leading into the flashbacks and out of, so the action will quickly burst to a bright white, then the bright flashbacks, then a burst to white back to the action, all in about one second. This helps to establish a theme of "light and dark", a convention of the thriller genre.


The group reacting to editing success
Bethany then took over the editing, and we reached the Alleyway section (shot 12 of the Planning Edit). After editing the flashbacks and looking at the rough edit I thought it would be better if we deleted the clip where the Detective turns around after encountering the Shade in the alley and flees (shot #14) as we thought the sequence worked better if the Detective saw the Shade, had the flashback and then the action went straight to the fast-paced forest section. Shown on the left is a picture of the group reacting to this section, we thought it worked quite well. Also, if we need to cut out some areas to shorten the overall length of the clip, shots 12 and 13 here could also be removed to make the same jump from action to flashback to action, but it would be from the Street to the Forest. It also resulted in the temporary removal of two flashbacks, the maps of the street, which could be added back again should we need them.

Bethany editing the forest section
We then needed to edit the forest section by adjusting the Brightness and Contrast again to make the scene feel like it was at dusk. We did this by first reducing the brightness to "-39" in the first areas. Flashbacks also needed to be added where the Detective sees the Shade lurking in the forest (shown on the right), and we needed to fine-tune the action to make the flashback occur whilst the Detective was running but not create a disjointed feel to the sequence. We also needed to precisely time the cut from this shot to the high-angle shot - I proposed this had to be done based on his footsteps and the "skip" as he turns the corner, when one foot was in mid-air, so it looks as if it is the exact same scene filmed from a different angle. Then, as it got darker as we filmed, we needed to reduce the brightness less and less. Ellie did this section of adjusting the brightness whilst the rest of the group approved and disapproved of certain ideas. We then edited the section where the Detective runs up the hill- this scene was quite dark already so we actually brightened it slightly, producing an image similar to that of a CCTV camera - I thought this was good as instead of it being just a standard high-angle shot of the Detective scrambling up the hill, it could be from the Shades' perspective as they watch him. We then needed to precisely edit the section where the Detective spins, and is surrounded by Shades on all sides. We merged shots 23, 24 and 25 together, as the footage slightly blurs in the exact same position in shot 23 and 25, so it shows the Detective rotating, then falling, then the Shades closing in. We need to take care in adjusting the brightness and contrast here so as to not completely ruin the footage, but enough to enhance the effect of disoreintation and confusion that we intend to create.

Finally, I edited the last few shots of the Detective waking up. Beth suggested we re-ordered the clips so that they flowed more and made more sense, i.e. he wakes up, then opens his hand to reveal the ribbon, then looks around his room before it fades out instead of the other way around. I used a "Fade to Colour" transition on the ending section, but instead of fading to white like Bethany had done in the Flashback transitions it was a fade to black, lasting about a second.

I feel we overcame the issues presented in this lesson, (such as frustration at the software for not adding transitions in the desired direction!) and progressed greatly with our editing. We now need to finish up a few clips and then turn our attention to the titles, which Ellie and I had already briefly looked at and decided our fonts and titling schedule, and then the construction of the Soundtrack.

Tuesday, 7 January 2014

NEW: Revised Shooting Schedule

Below is a table showing the revised shooting schedule. Given the change in Planning Edit and decisions made from the first few days of filming, we decided not to do the day-light version of the sequence as it would not be as conventional, i.e. the effect of the street lights and other locations would be lessened. We also thought that the version we had filmed would be suitable as well. We hence re-arranged the last days of filming to film the parts on Marriott's Way and in the forest area around there with slightly more time.
To show this change I have created this table, which shows which shots, with reference to the revised Planning Edit, were to be filmed on which day, with which members of the group and cast were present and any other informtaion regarding that day of filming, to clarify our time management with regards to filming.

 
 
I have also devised a rough schedule or checklist for tasks we need to complete with regard to constructing the sequence. We needed to have completed a rough edit of the sequence before the Christmas Holidays, which we have done, so we could tackle the other aspects of our sequence. With members of the group being absent beforehand, however, we could not do as planned, so I improvised so we could still stick to our deadlines- we investigated LiveType and fonts to use for the titles as well as the Production company, and experimented with effects and filters in Final Cut to get a better understanding of the software and see how we could edit our clips.