Summary Post

Welcome to my G321 Foundation  Portfolio Blog.

Here is a post to highlight the key areas of my blog.

My finished construction of my Thriller Film Opening Sequence can be found here on YouTube or here on my blog. All other posts labelled "construction" can be found here.

Here are the links to each of my evaluation questions: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7

All posts labelled "planning" can be found here.

All posts labelled "research" can be found here. "Audience Research" posts can be found here.

All other posts will have a corresponding label on the right hand side of my blog for easy navigation.

I hope you enjoy looking through my blog.

Joe Weston.

Film in the Digital Age - Questions and Extra Notes

1) What is the advantage of using moving image story boards? 
Moving Image Story Boards were first pioneered in 1992 by Francis Ford Coppolla during the production of Bram Stoker's Dracula, and involve the directors and cinematographers utilising an 'electronic stimulation' of the story or scene that is to be created on a certain day, instead of using hand drawn, inanimate storyboards to 'pitch' a film or organise the crew. This creates many advantages - firstly, time is saved as less time will be spent constructing detailed sketches and drawings to detail the scene, and the moving image story boards provide a more accurate visualisation of what is to be shot so the crew can more easily replicate the storyboard.

2) What is the advantage of using DV Video Cameras?
The use of Digital Video (DV) Cameras to film documentaries and full length films is increasing, due to the many advantages this new technology has over celluloid film. Firstly, DV Cameras are more mobile, are lighter and much more practical and easy to use overall. The cost of shooting scenes and editing is also reduced as they do not need the expensive film stock, nor does their video require processing in the same manner. Complex scenes can be organised more easily also, as complicated lighting systems that are needed when shooting on celluloid are not needed.

3) What are the two types of CGI? What are the advantages and disadvantages of CGI?
CGI, or Computer Generated Imagery, is also seeing increased use in the film making processes. There are two types of CGI; Invisible Special Effects, which according to Buckland (1999) contributes to up to 90% of all of the work of the special effects industry, are not meant to be noticed, hence the name, by film spectators, and then Visible Special Effects, which produces "out-of-this-world" images to captivate audiences in a way that would not be possible otherwise. The advantages of CGI is that more elaborate and complex creations can be made that are both aesthetic and life like with the development of technology - however, CGI has also become more widely available to the public, with digital effect software reaching domestic audiences, and is sold by electrical retailers to enhance home videos and GCSE / A Level Productions.

Different Lighting Techniques

In this extract, different lighting techniques are used to make certain aspects more apparent to the audience.
At around 0:20, hard lighting is used during the conversation between the men. This hard lighting allows for the viewer to clearly see the definition in his face and the details of his scars quite clearly, and allows for the other men's facial expressions to be clearly identified. The key light is placed on the corresponding side of the man's face, which subsequently casts a shadow onto the van, which aids adding detail to the injuries the man has suffered.

Natural lighting is used to create a dull and gloomy atmosphere for this scene to perhaps reflect the mood at 0:25, when the character is viewed from a different perspective, and less detail is given to the scars on the left side of his face, which is partly obscured. The fill light is placed to the back right of the man, as there are little shadows cast here yet we can see the detail in the man's hair. By contrast, the details of his face are not in full light and not as prominent, showing the character as more "normal".

Lighting is also used effectively at the end of the extract where the man is in the Army office. Hard lighting is used to give detail to specific parts of his face through the blinds, creating a clear shadowing effect on his face, connoting various things to the audience such as a split personality, and threat and fear. If soft lighting were used instead here, the room would be more brightly lit and would come across as less sinister. The desk lamp acts as a fill light, and the light at the back of the room acts as a backlight, creating various shadows across the room, shown in the still. This is used to distinguish the man is the main character in the scene and by distorting the view of the character through the blinds and creating shadows, representations can be created and portrayed.

How does Piracy affect Working Title and how have they tried to stop it?

Piracy is a crime that effects the production, distribution and exhibition of the film industry in the UK. With Hollywood investigators claim that Piracy has increased by 10% each year from the amount of revenue lost to illegal distribution. This is largely due to technological advances in internet speeds and broadbands, allowing for the faster distribution of files online, and increased confidence in computers and torrents en masse, and the fact that the quality of these torrents is improving so that the "consumer" obtains a better quality of the film. Approximately 77.75 Million counterfeit DVDs were sold in 2009, resulting in an effective monetary gain to criminals of £278 Million. This results in a huge loss to the Industry as a whole, £700 Million overall. This means smaller studios have less money to invest in future projects and produce further films, restricting creativity and overall reducing the choice of films that will be available to the consumer.

Companies such as Working Title have endeavoured to prevent piracy from effecting their profits. Working Title have also used the advancements in technology to produce higher definition films, creating a distinction between the legal and illegal copies, through blu-ray discs. Similarly, 3D films are produced, which aren't as readily available for the public to obtain, and create a unique viewing experience that isn't available through torrents, and blu-ray discs are encrypted with passcodes so they cannot be copied. Furthermore, Working Title distributed Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy, in an encrypted safe, with a passcode to each individual safe, to combat piracy. They also create educational DVDs that inform people on the effects of Piracy to the filmmakers and the industry in an attempt to persuade and convince people, particularly the younger audiences who view Piracy as acceptable, to stop pirating films. Working Title also make their products available instantly online for rental, in a better quality than the alternative torrent download. It could be argued that piracy did allow for technological developments in film, as unique viewing experiences such as IMAX and 3D would not have been developed as much to combat piracy, benefitting the consumer. However, unless piracy is combatted more widely, it could lead to the decline of the film industry in the UK.

Convergence in a Film Company

An example of a company that has utilised Media and Technological Convergence would be Walt Disney.

Media Convergence: When multiple products come together to form one product with the advantages of all of them.
Digital Convergence: The growing interactive use digital technology in the film industry and media which enables people to share, consume and produce media that was difficult or impossible to do a few years previously.

There are many products produced by Disney that are associated with their films, with most of these being aimed at a young audience, such as plush toys and costumes, and a few products aimed at adults such as ornaments. There are many Disney stores worldwide that sell these products and Disney has spread out to many other medias, such as songs being sold on iTunes from their films, most recently Frozen, as well as a variety of other platforms advertised on their website, such as games, interactive activities, TV programmes and an online store. The financial benefit of this to the company is that it creates extra advertising and marketing for the various products - social networking accounts for respective films to generate interest, and then various products to sell alongside the film means extra profit can be generated.

Convergence in Websites

The Hobbit 

The website for “The Hobbit” uses convergence to increase audience awareness about the film. On the “Features” tab of the website, there are a variety of activities including “A Journey Through Middle Earth” and “Play Barrel Escape”. These verbs allows for audience participation and engagement with the film to sustain interest in the film- the audience that would be attracted to this, a young audience or young adolescents, could play the games and discuss them with friends and then go to see the film. Other forms of convergence have been used: Lego: The Hobbit is to be released on console platforms that will appeal to the target audience. 

The Lego Movie

There is a variety of different integrated games to appeal to the younger audience of the film. There is a feature on the website to create your own Lego character and various other interactive games that are easy to play, and hence will be played by young children and will spread as their friends play it. A PlayStation game for the Lego Movie has also been released, which although gives away the storyline, will help to attract a wider audience and get more people to watch the film.

How does Editing represent Disability in "The Street"?

In the extract from "The Street", editing is used to create a negative representation of disability.

At the start of the scene, the use of shot reverse shot during the exchange between the disabled character and his former co-workers allows for focus on the expressions of the other men when they look at the man's face and answer his questions. The other men seem surprised and shocked that the man will get his job back, and the disabled man is hence represented as inadequate. A focus pull is used at the end of this section to show the man through a barbed wire fence, signifying the physical barriers he must overcome amongst other members of society. In the section where he approaches the woman who has dropped her shopping, a long shot is used to show the man's change in pace as he goes to her aid, contrasting stereotypical negative representations of disability. However the woman's reaction is shown negatively, by using eyeline match alongside an over the shoulder shot. Shot reverse shot is used when they are walking away when he tells her to "stop digging", and a sound bridge builds to represent his anger at the views society has towards his disability when he is trying to assist the public. The editing pace increases for the street segment alongside the diegetic soundtrack to enhance the notion of him being alone in society, and ellipsis between each of the 4 sections creates a representation of the man being an exile and outcast in each one of the four sections, matching the stereotyped representation of disabled persons being a burden and a victim. In the final section, the 180 degree rule of continuity is broken, so the man is shown to be looking in two different directions during the conversation - this is used as a technique for representation as it shows the "two sides" to the man's appearance and character - one side of his face is disfigured, and covered by the shadows in the scene, which connotes a representation of having a split personality. This exchange also shows an angry side to his character, as opposed to the positive side shown in the section with the woman. Eyeline match is also used here to show the reactions of the Sergeant towards the man, and hence the main negative representation in the scene is the views of society towards disabled people.